AC/DC Calc
worked examples
AC to DC calculator worked examples: average, peak, and ripple
Follow complete numerical examples for filtered and ideal rectifier models, including a rejected high-ripple case.
worked examples
Explanations and examples to help you understand rectifier output.
worked examples
Bridge rectifiers at 50 Hz and 60 Hz: what changes?
Compare charging intervals, ripple frequency, and simplified capacitor ripple while holding the other inputs constant.
rectifier basics
Capacitor Ripple Explained: What Happens Between Charging Peaks
Derive bridge ripple from charge balance, work through units, and understand where the small-ripple approximation stops being useful.
rectifier basics
Half-Wave vs Full-Wave Rectifiers: Compare the Same Quantities
Compare complete-cycle averages, peaks, RMS values, pulse timing, and filtering assumptions without mixing different circuit models.
capacitor filtering
Smoothing capacitor calculation: from load current to ripple
Derive a useful capacitance estimate without mistaking it for a complete component selection.
power supply concepts
Why AC to DC output voltage varies with line, load, and components
Use controlled comparisons to distinguish arithmetic changes from effects outside a simplified rectifier model.